Incident Response

interface IncidentSeverity {
  critical: {
    definition: 'Major business impact or imminent threat'
    examples: [
      'Active data breach with customer data exposure',
      'Ransomware attack affecting core systems',
      'Complete system outage affecting customer services',
      'Confirmed insider threat with data exfiltration'
    ]
    responseTime: '15 minutes'
    escalation: 'CEO, CISO, Legal Counsel'
    externalNotification: 'May require immediate regulatory notification'
  }
 
  high: {
    definition: 'Significant impact to business operations'
    examples: [
      'Successful phishing attack with credential compromise',
      'Malware infection on multiple systems',
      'DDoS attack affecting service availability',
      'Unauthorized access to sensitive systems'
    ]
    responseTime: '1 hour'
    escalation: 'CISO, IT Director, Compliance Officer'
    externalNotification: 'Regulatory notification within 72 hours'
  }
 
  medium: {
    definition: 'Limited impact but requires investigation'
    examples: [
      'Suspicious network activity',
      'Failed security control',
      'Policy violation',
      'Potential data exposure'
    ]
    responseTime: '4 hours'
    escalation: 'Security Team Lead'
    externalNotification: 'If confirmed breach'
  }
 
  low: {
    definition: 'Minor security concern or false positive'
    examples: [
      'Isolated malware detection',
      'Single failed login attempts',
      'Minor configuration issues',
      'Routine security alerts'
    ]
    responseTime: '24 hours'
    escalation: 'Security Analyst'
    externalNotification: 'Not required'
  }
}

incident_categories:
  data_breach:
    description: "Unauthorized access or disclosure of sensitive data"
    subcategories:
      - Customer PII exposure
      - Financial data breach
      - Employee data compromise
      - Intellectual property theft
 
  malware:
    description: "Malicious software affecting systems"
    subcategories:
      - Ransomware
      - Trojans
      - Worms
      - Spyware
 
  unauthorized_access:
    description: "Illegitimate system or data access"
    subcategories:
      - Account compromise
      - Privilege escalation
      - Insider threat
      - External intrusion
 
  denial_of_service:
    description: "Attacks designed to disrupt service availability"
    subcategories:
      - Network-based DDoS
      - Application-layer attacks
      - Resource exhaustion
      - Service disruption
 
  social_engineering:
    description: "Attacks targeting human vulnerabilities"
    subcategories:
      - Phishing
      - Vishing (voice phishing)
      - Pretexting
      - Baiting
 
  physical_security:
    description: "Physical threats to facilities or equipment"
    subcategories:
      - Unauthorized facility access
      - Equipment theft
      - Device tampering
      - Environmental incidents

interface IncidentResponseTeam {
  incidentCommander: {
    role: 'Overall incident coordination and decision making'
    responsibilities: [
      'Assess incident severity and impact',
      'Coordinate response activities',
      'Make critical decisions',
      'Communicate with stakeholders',
      'Ensure proper documentation'
    ]
    qualifications: 'Senior security professional with incident response experience'
    authority: 'Full authority to make response decisions'
  }
 
  securityLead: {
    role: 'Technical security analysis and response'
    responsibilities: [
      'Conduct technical analysis',
      'Implement security controls',
      'Coordinate with security tools',
      'Provide security expertise',
      'Lead forensic activities'
    ]
    qualifications: 'Security analyst with technical expertise'
  }
 
  itOperations: {
    role: 'System operations and technical implementation'
    responsibilities: [
      'Implement technical controls',
      'Manage system isolation/recovery',
      'Coordinate with infrastructure teams',
      'Perform system restoration',
      'Monitor system performance'
    ]
    qualifications: 'System administrator or DevOps engineer'
  }
 
  legalCompliance: {
    role: 'Legal and regulatory compliance guidance'
    responsibilities: [
      'Assess legal implications',
      'Advise on regulatory requirements',
      'Coordinate with external counsel',
      'Handle law enforcement interaction',
      'Manage legal preservation'
    ]
    qualifications: 'Legal counsel or compliance officer'
  }
 
  communications: {
    role: 'Internal and external communications'
    responsibilities: [
      'Manage internal communications',
      'Coordinate external notifications',
      'Handle media relations',
      'Prepare public statements',
      'Manage customer communications'
    ]
    qualifications: 'Communications or PR professional'
  }
}

preparation_activities:
  planning:
    - Incident response plan development
    - Playbook creation for common scenarios
    - Team role definitions and training
    - Communication plan development
    - Tool and technology preparation
 
  training:
    - Regular tabletop exercises
    - Incident response simulations
    - Team skill development
    - Cross-training for coverage
    - External training and certification
 
  tools_and_resources:
    - Incident tracking system
    - Forensic tools and software
    - Communication platforms
    - Documentation templates
    - Contact lists and escalation procedures
 
  monitoring:
    - Security monitoring tools
    - Log aggregation and analysis
    - Threat intelligence feeds
    - Automated alerting systems
    - Performance baseline establishment

class IncidentDetection {
  async analyzeIncident(alert: SecurityAlert): Promise<IncidentAnalysis> {
    const analysis = {
      confidence: 0,
      severity: 'unknown' as IncidentSeverity,
      category: 'unknown' as IncidentCategory,
      indicators: [] as string[],
      affectedSystems: [] as string[],
      timeline: [] as TimelineEvent[]
    }
 
    // Initial triage
    const triage = await this.performTriage(alert)
    analysis.confidence = triage.confidence
    analysis.severity = triage.severity
 
    // Gather additional indicators
    const indicators = await this.gatherIndicators(alert)
    analysis.indicators = indicators
 
    // Identify affected systems
    const systems = await this.identifyAffectedSystems(indicators)
    analysis.affectedSystems = systems
 
    // Build timeline
    const timeline = await this.buildTimeline(alert, indicators)
    analysis.timeline = timeline
 
    // Classify incident
    analysis.category = await this.classifyIncident(analysis)
 
    return analysis
  }
 
  async gatherIndicators(alert: SecurityAlert): Promise<string[]> {
    const indicators = []
 
    // Network indicators
    const networkData = await this.analyzeNetworkTraffic(alert.timeframe)
    indicators.push(...networkData.suspiciousConnections)
 
    // System indicators
    const systemData = await this.analyzeSystemLogs(alert.timeframe)
    indicators.push(...systemData.suspiciousActivities)
 
    // Application indicators
    const appData = await this.analyzeApplicationLogs(alert.timeframe)
    indicators.push(...appData.anomalousRequests)
 
    // User behavior indicators
    const behaviorData = await this.analyzeUserBehavior(alert.timeframe)
    indicators.push(...behaviorData.suspiciousBehaviors)
 
    return indicators
  }
}

interface ContainmentStrategies {
  networkContainment: {
    isolation: 'Isolate affected network segments'
    blocking: 'Block malicious IP addresses and domains'
    filtering: 'Implement traffic filtering rules'
    monitoring: 'Enhance network monitoring'
  }
 
  systemContainment: {
    shutdown: 'Emergency system shutdown if necessary'
    isolation: 'Disconnect from network'
    imaging: 'Create forensic images'
    quarantine: 'Move to quarantine environment'
  }
 
  userAccountContainment: {
    disable: 'Disable compromised accounts'
    reset: 'Force password resets'
    revoke: 'Revoke access tokens and certificates'
    monitor: 'Enhanced monitoring of related accounts'
  }
 
  dataContainment: {
    access: 'Restrict data access'
    encryption: 'Additional encryption measures'
    backup: 'Secure backup creation'
    preservation: 'Legal hold implementation'
  }
}

evidence_collection:
  digital_evidence:
    systems:
      - Memory dumps
      - Disk images
      - Log files
      - Network captures
      - Database snapshots
 
    procedures:
      - Chain of custody documentation
      - Forensic imaging using write-blockers
      - Hash verification for integrity
      - Duplicate evidence preservation
      - Secure evidence storage
 
  network_evidence:
    - Firewall logs
    - IDS/IPS alerts
    - Network flow data
    - DNS logs
    - Proxy logs
 
  application_evidence:
    - Application logs
    - Database audit trails
    - API access logs
    - User activity logs
    - Error logs

class ForensicAnalysis {
  async conductAnalysis(evidence: EvidenceCollection): Promise<AnalysisReport> {
    const report = {
      timeline: [] as ForensicEvent[],
      indicators: [] as IOC[],
      attribution: null as Attribution,
      impact: null as ImpactAssessment,
      recommendations: [] as string[]
    }
 
    // Timeline analysis
    report.timeline = await this.buildForensicTimeline(evidence)
 
    // Indicator extraction
    report.indicators = await this.extractIndicators(evidence)
 
    // Attribution analysis
    report.attribution = await this.analyzeAttribution(evidence)
 
    // Impact assessment
    report.impact = await this.assessImpact(evidence)
 
    // Generate recommendations
    report.recommendations = await this.generateRecommendations(report)
 
    return report
  }
 
  async extractIndicators(evidence: EvidenceCollection): Promise<IOC[]> {
    const indicators = []
 
    // File-based indicators
    const fileIOCs = await this.extractFileIndicators(evidence.files)
    indicators.push(...fileIOCs)
 
    // Network indicators
    const networkIOCs = await this.extractNetworkIndicators(evidence.network)
    indicators.push(...networkIOCs)
 
    // Registry indicators
    const registryIOCs = await this.extractRegistryIndicators(evidence.registry)
    indicators.push(...registryIOCs)
 
    // Memory indicators
    const memoryIOCs = await this.extractMemoryIndicators(evidence.memory)
    indicators.push(...memoryIOCs)
 
    return indicators
  }
}

interface ExternalNotifications {
  regulatory: {
    requirements: {
      timing: '72 hours maximum for PIPEDA breaches'
      authority: 'Privacy Commissioner of Canada'
      content: 'Nature, scope, cause, and mitigation measures'
      followUp: 'Detailed report within 30 days'
    }
 
    process: {
      assessment: 'Determine if notification required'
      preparation: 'Gather required information'
      review: 'Legal and compliance review'
      submission: 'Submit through official channels'
      followUp: 'Provide additional information as requested'
    }
  }
 
  customers: {
    criteria: {
      dataInvolved: 'Personal or financial information'
      riskLevel: 'Real risk of significant harm'
      scope: 'Number of affected individuals'
    }
 
    timeline: 'As soon as feasible after discovery'
    channels: ['Email', 'Website notice', 'Direct mail', 'Phone calls']
    content: [
      'Nature of the incident',
      'Information involved',
      'Steps taken to address',
      'Steps individuals can take',
      'Contact information'
    ]
  }
 
  partners: {
    vendors: 'If vendor systems affected'
    clients: 'If client data involved'
    insurers: 'Cyber insurance notification'
    lawEnforcement: 'If criminal activity suspected'
  }
}

recovery_procedures:
  system_restoration:
    assessment:
      - Verify threat elimination
      - Assess system integrity
      - Check data consistency
      - Validate security controls
 
    restoration:
      - Restore from clean backups
      - Apply security patches
      - Update security configurations
      - Implement additional controls
 
    validation:
      - System functionality testing
      - Security control verification
      - Performance monitoring
      - User acceptance testing
 
  service_resumption:
    planning:
      - Prioritize critical services
      - Plan phased restoration
      - Prepare rollback procedures
      - Coordinate with stakeholders
 
    execution:
      - Begin with most critical services
      - Monitor for issues during restoration
      - Communicate progress to stakeholders
      - Document any problems encountered

class PostIncidentReview {
  async conductReview(incident: Incident): Promise<LessonsLearned> {
    const review = {
      timeline: await this.buildDetailedTimeline(incident),
      effectiveness: await this.assessResponseEffectiveness(incident),
      gaps: await this.identifyGaps(incident),
      improvements: await this.recommendImprovements(incident),
      actionItems: [] as ActionItem[]
    }
 
    // Stakeholder interviews
    const interviews = await this.conductStakeholderInterviews(incident)
    review.effectiveness.stakeholderFeedback = interviews
 
    // Process analysis
    const processAnalysis = await this.analyzeProcesses(incident)
    review.gaps.processGaps = processAnalysis.gaps
 
    // Tool effectiveness
    const toolAnalysis = await this.analyzeToolEffectiveness(incident)
    review.gaps.toolGaps = toolAnalysis.gaps
 
    // Create action items
    review.actionItems = await this.createActionItems(review)
 
    return review
  }
 
  async assessResponseEffectiveness(incident: Incident): Promise<EffectivenessAssessment> {
    return {
      detectionTime: this.calculateDetectionTime(incident),
      responseTime: this.calculateResponseTime(incident),
      containmentTime: this.calculateContainmentTime(incident),
      recoveryTime: this.calculateRecoveryTime(incident),
 
      communicationEffectiveness: await this.assessCommunication(incident),
      coordinationEffectiveness: await this.assessCoordination(incident),
      technicalEffectiveness: await this.assessTechnicalResponse(incident),
 
      successFactors: await this.identifySuccessFactors(incident),
      improvementAreas: await this.identifyImprovementAreas(incident)
    }
  }
}

ransomware_playbook:
  immediate_response:
    - Disconnect affected systems from network
    - Preserve evidence for forensics
    - Assess scope of encryption
    - Check backup availability
    - Contact incident response team
 
  investigation:
    - Identify ransomware variant
    - Determine entry point
    - Assess lateral movement
    - Identify all affected systems
    - Check for data exfiltration
 
  recovery:
    - Do not pay ransom (policy decision)
    - Restore from clean backups
    - Rebuild affected systems
    - Apply security patches
    - Enhance monitoring
 
  prevention:
    - Regular backup testing
    - Network segmentation
    - Endpoint detection and response
    - User awareness training
    - Patch management

data_breach_playbook:
  immediate_response:
    - Contain the breach
    - Assess data involved
    - Preserve evidence
    - Notify incident team
    - Begin documentation
 
  investigation:
    - Determine scope of breach
    - Identify affected individuals
    - Assess cause of breach
    - Document timeline
    - Prepare notifications
 
  notification:
    - Regulatory notification (72 hours)
    - Individual notification (without delay)
    - Internal stakeholder updates
    - Media response if necessary
    - Customer communication
 
  remediation:
    - Fix security vulnerabilities
    - Implement additional controls
    - Monitor for further incidents
    - Provide identity monitoring
    - Update policies and procedures

interface IncidentResponseTraining {
  basicTraining: {
    audience: 'All employees'
    frequency: 'Annual'
    topics: [
      'Incident recognition',
      'Reporting procedures',
      'Basic response actions',
      'Communication protocols'
    ]
    delivery: 'Online modules + in-person sessions'
  }
 
  advancedTraining: {
    audience: 'IT and Security staff'
    frequency: 'Semi-annual'
    topics: [
      'Technical response procedures',
      'Forensic techniques',
      'Tool usage',
      'Legal and compliance requirements'
    ]
    delivery: 'Hands-on workshops + simulations'
  }
 
  leadershipTraining: {
    audience: 'Management and executives'
    frequency: 'Annual'
    topics: [
      'Decision making during incidents',
      'Communication strategies',
      'Business continuity',
      'Legal and regulatory obligations'
    ]
    delivery: 'Executive briefings + tabletop exercises'
  }
}

exercise_program:
  tabletop_exercises:
    frequency: "Quarterly"
    duration: "2-4 hours"
    participants: "Incident response team + key stakeholders"
    scenarios:
      - Data breach
      - Ransomware attack
      - Insider threat
      - Supply chain compromise
 
  simulations:
    frequency: "Semi-annual"
    duration: "Full day"
    participants: "Entire organization"
    complexity: "Multi-stage scenarios with realistic constraints"
 
  red_team_exercises:
    frequency: "Annual"
    duration: "1-2 weeks"
    participants: "External red team + internal blue team"
    scope: "Full attack simulation with business impact"

incident_response_kpis:
  time_metrics:
    mean_time_to_detect: "Target: <1 hour"
    mean_time_to_respond: "Target: <15 minutes (critical), <1 hour (high)"
    mean_time_to_contain: "Target: <4 hours"
    mean_time_to_recover: "Target: <24 hours"
 
  quality_metrics:
    false_positive_rate: "Target: <20%"
    escalation_accuracy: "Target: >90%"
    stakeholder_satisfaction: "Target: >4.0/5.0"
    regulatory_compliance: "Target: 100%"
 
  organizational_metrics:
    training_completion: "Target: 100%"
    exercise_participation: "Target: >95%"
    process_improvement: "Target: >5 improvements per quarter"
    cost_per_incident: "Track and optimize"

interface IncidentDashboard {
  realTime: {
    activeIncidents: 'Current incident status'
    alertQueue: 'Pending security alerts'
    teamStatus: 'Incident team availability'
    systemHealth: 'Critical system status'
  }
 
  trending: {
    incidentVolume: 'Incidents over time'
    incidentTypes: 'Category distribution'
    responseTime: 'Performance trends'
    impactAnalysis: 'Business impact trends'
  }
 
  compliance: {
    regulatoryReporting: 'Notification compliance status'
    slaCompliance: 'Response time SLA adherence'
    trainingStatus: 'Team training compliance'
    exerciseSchedule: 'Upcoming exercises and training'
  }
}