Vulnerability Management

interface VulnerabilityAssessment {
  vulnerabilityId: string
  discoveryDate: Date
  lastAssessed: Date
  source: VulnerabilitySource
  affectedAssets: AssetInfo[]
  severity: VulnerabilitySeverity
  cvssScore: CVSSScore
  exploitability: ExploitabilityMetrics
  businessImpact: BusinessImpactAssessment
  remediationPlan: RemediationPlan
  status: VulnerabilityStatus
  assignedTo: string[]
  dueDate: Date
}
 
enum VulnerabilitySource {
  AUTOMATED_SCAN = 'automated_scan',
  PENETRATION_TEST = 'penetration_test',
  SECURITY_RESEARCH = 'security_research',
  THREAT_INTELLIGENCE = 'threat_intelligence',
  BUG_BOUNTY = 'bug_bounty',
  INTERNAL_DISCOVERY = 'internal_discovery',
  VENDOR_NOTIFICATION = 'vendor_notification'
}
 
enum VulnerabilitySeverity {
  CRITICAL = 'critical',
  HIGH = 'high',
  MEDIUM = 'medium',
  LOW = 'low',
  INFORMATIONAL = 'informational'
}
 
enum VulnerabilityStatus {
  OPEN = 'open',
  IN_PROGRESS = 'in_progress',
  MITIGATED = 'mitigated',
  REMEDIATED = 'remediated',
  ACCEPTED_RISK = 'accepted_risk',
  FALSE_POSITIVE = 'false_positive',
  DUPLICATE = 'duplicate'
}

class VulnerabilityScanner {
  private scanEngines: ScanEngine[]
  private assetInventory: AssetInventory
  private threatIntelligence: ThreatIntelligenceService
 
  async performComprehensiveScan(): Promise<ScanResult> {
    const scanResults: ScanResult = {
      scanId: this.generateScanId(),
      startTime: new Date(),
      assetsCovered: 0,
      vulnerabilitiesFound: 0,
      findings: []
    }
 
    // Get current asset inventory
    const assets = await this.assetInventory.getAllAssets()
    scanResults.assetsCovered = assets.length
 
    // Parallel scanning across different asset types
    const scanPromises = [
      this.scanNetworkAssets(assets.filter(a => a.type === 'network')),
      this.scanWebApplications(assets.filter(a => a.type === 'web_app')),
      this.scanContainerImages(assets.filter(a => a.type === 'container')),
      this.scanCloudResources(assets.filter(a => a.type === 'cloud')),
      this.scanEndpoints(assets.filter(a => a.type === 'endpoint'))
    ]
 
    const results = await Promise.all(scanPromises)
 
    // Consolidate and deduplicate findings
    scanResults.findings = this.consolidateFindings(results.flat())
    scanResults.vulnerabilitiesFound = scanResults.findings.length
    scanResults.endTime = new Date()
 
    // Enrich with threat intelligence
    await this.enrichWithThreatIntel(scanResults.findings)
 
    return scanResults
  }
 
  async scanWebApplications(webApps: Asset[]): Promise<Finding[]> {
    const findings: Finding[] = []
 
    for (const app of webApps) {
      // OWASP Top 10 testing
      const owaspFindings = await this.performOWASPScan(app)
 
      // API security testing
      const apiFindings = await this.performAPIScan(app)
 
      // Authentication & authorization testing
      const authFindings = await this.performAuthScan(app)
 
      findings.push(...owaspFindings, ...apiFindings, ...authFindings)
    }
 
    return findings
  }
}

interface CVSSScore {
  version: '3.1' | '4.0'
  baseScore: number
  temporalScore?: number
  environmentalScore?: number
  vectorString: string
  exploitCodeMaturity?: ExploitCodeMaturity
  remediationLevel?: RemediationLevel
  reportConfidence?: ReportConfidence
}
 
interface RiskCalculation {
  vulnerabilityId: string
  cvssScore: number
  exploitabilityScore: number
  businessCriticalityScore: number
  assetValueScore: number
  threatLandscapeScore: number
  compensatingControlsScore: number
  finalRiskScore: number
  riskLevel: 'critical' | 'high' | 'medium' | 'low'
}
 
class RiskAssessmentEngine {
  calculateComprehensiveRisk(vuln: VulnerabilityAssessment): RiskCalculation {
    // Base CVSS score (40% weight)
    const cvssWeight = 0.4
    const normalizedCVSS = vuln.cvssScore.baseScore / 10
 
    // Exploitability factor (25% weight)
    const exploitWeight = 0.25
    const exploitScore = this.calculateExploitabilityScore(vuln.exploitability)
 
    // Business criticality (20% weight)
    const businessWeight = 0.2
    const businessScore = this.calculateBusinessCriticality(vuln.affectedAssets)
 
    // Asset value (10% weight)
    const assetWeight = 0.1
    const assetScore = this.calculateAssetValue(vuln.affectedAssets)
 
    // Threat landscape (5% weight)
    const threatWeight = 0.05
    const threatScore = this.calculateThreatLandscape(vuln)
 
    // Calculate final risk score
    const rawScore = (
      (normalizedCVSS * cvssWeight) +
      (exploitScore * exploitWeight) +
      (businessScore * businessWeight) +
      (assetScore * assetWeight) +
      (threatScore * threatWeight)
    ) * 10
 
    // Apply compensating controls reduction
    const compensatingReduction = this.assessCompensatingControls(vuln)
    const finalScore = Math.max(0, rawScore - compensatingReduction)
 
    return {
      vulnerabilityId: vuln.vulnerabilityId,
      cvssScore: vuln.cvssScore.baseScore,
      exploitabilityScore: exploitScore,
      businessCriticalityScore: businessScore,
      assetValueScore: assetScore,
      threatLandscapeScore: threatScore,
      compensatingControlsScore: compensatingReduction,
      finalRiskScore: finalScore,
      riskLevel: this.determineRiskLevel(finalScore)
    }
  }
}

patch_management:
  categorization:
    critical_patches:
      timeline: "immediate (0-72 hours)"
      approval_required: false
      emergency_change: true
      rollback_plan: required
 
    high_priority_patches:
      timeline: "1-2 weeks"
      approval_required: true
      testing_required: "limited"
      rollback_plan: required
 
    standard_patches:
      timeline: "monthly cycle"
      approval_required: true
      testing_required: "comprehensive"
      rollback_plan: required
 
    low_priority_patches:
      timeline: "quarterly cycle"
      approval_required: true
      testing_required: "comprehensive"
      rollback_plan: optional
 
  testing_stages:
    development:
      environment: "isolated dev environment"
      duration: "2-5 days"
      validation: "functional testing"
 
    staging:
      environment: "production-like staging"
      duration: "3-7 days"
      validation: "integration testing"
 
    production:
      deployment: "phased rollout"
      monitoring: "enhanced monitoring"
      rollback_criteria: "performance degradation > 5%"

class RemediationManager {
  async createRemediationPlan(vuln: VulnerabilityAssessment): Promise<RemediationPlan> {
    const riskAssessment = await this.riskEngine.calculateRisk(vuln)
 
    const remediationOptions = await this.identifyRemediationOptions(vuln)
    const selectedOption = this.selectOptimalRemediation(remediationOptions, riskAssessment)
 
    return {
      vulnerabilityId: vuln.vulnerabilityId,
      remediationType: selectedOption.type,
      timeline: this.calculateTimeline(riskAssessment.riskLevel),
      resources: selectedOption.resources,
      dependencies: await this.identifyDependencies(selectedOption),
      testingPlan: await this.createTestingPlan(selectedOption),
      rollbackPlan: await this.createRollbackPlan(selectedOption),
      approvals: this.determineApprovalRequirements(riskAssessment),
      milestones: this.createMilestones(selectedOption),
      successCriteria: selectedOption.successCriteria
    }
  }
 
  async executeRemediation(plan: RemediationPlan): Promise<RemediationResult> {
    const execution: RemediationExecution = {
      planId: plan.id,
      startTime: new Date(),
      status: 'in_progress',
      completedMilestones: [],
      issues: []
    }
 
    try {
      // Execute pre-remediation checks
      await this.executePreChecks(plan)
 
      // Deploy remediation
      if (plan.remediationType === 'patch') {
        await this.deployPatch(plan)
      } else if (plan.remediationType === 'configuration_change') {
        await this.applyConfigurationChange(plan)
      } else if (plan.remediationType === 'mitigation') {
        await this.implementMitigation(plan)
      }
 
      // Execute post-remediation verification
      const verificationResult = await this.verifyRemediation(plan)
 
      execution.status = verificationResult.success ? 'completed' : 'failed'
      execution.endTime = new Date()
 
      return {
        execution,
        verificationResult,
        success: verificationResult.success
      }
 
    } catch (error) {
      // Execute rollback if necessary
      await this.executeRollback(plan)
      throw error
    }
  }
}

interface DependencyVulnerability {
  packageName: string
  version: string
  vulnerabilityId: string
  severity: VulnerabilitySeverity
  affectedVersions: string[]
  fixedVersion?: string
  workaround?: string
  exploitAvailable: boolean
  dependencyChain: string[]
  usageContext: UsageContext[]
}
 
class DependencyScanner {
  async scanProjectDependencies(projectPath: string): Promise<DependencyVulnerability[]> {
    const vulnerabilities: DependencyVulnerability[] = []
 
    // Scan direct dependencies
    const directDeps = await this.getDirectDependencies(projectPath)
    for (const dep of directDeps) {
      const vulns = await this.checkVulnerabilities(dep)
      vulnerabilities.push(...vulns)
    }
 
    // Scan transitive dependencies
    const transitiveDeps = await this.getTransitiveDependencies(projectPath)
    for (const dep of transitiveDeps) {
      const vulns = await this.checkVulnerabilities(dep)
      vulnerabilities.push(...vulns.map(v => ({
        ...v,
        dependencyChain: dep.chain
      })))
    }
 
    // Check for known malicious packages
    const maliciousFindings = await this.scanForMaliciousPackages(
      [...directDeps, ...transitiveDeps]
    )
 
    return [...vulnerabilities, ...maliciousFindings]
  }
 
  async generateDependencyReport(): Promise<DependencySecurityReport> {
    const projects = await this.getAllProjects()
    const allVulnerabilities: DependencyVulnerability[] = []
 
    for (const project of projects) {
      const projectVulns = await this.scanProjectDependencies(project.path)
      allVulnerabilities.push(...projectVulns)
    }
 
    return {
      reportDate: new Date(),
      totalProjects: projects.length,
      totalDependencies: await this.countUniqueDependencies(projects),
      vulnerabilities: {
        critical: allVulnerabilities.filter(v => v.severity === VulnerabilitySeverity.CRITICAL),
        high: allVulnerabilities.filter(v => v.severity === VulnerabilitySeverity.HIGH),
        medium: allVulnerabilities.filter(v => v.severity === VulnerabilitySeverity.MEDIUM),
        low: allVulnerabilities.filter(v => v.severity === VulnerabilitySeverity.LOW)
      },
      remediationSummary: await this.generateRemediationSummary(allVulnerabilities),
      trends: await this.calculateSecurityTrends()
    }
  }
}

container_security_scanning:
  scan_triggers:
    - build_time_scan
    - registry_push_scan
    - runtime_scan
    - scheduled_scan
 
  scanning_layers:
    base_image:
      - os_vulnerabilities
      - package_vulnerabilities
      - configuration_issues
 
    application_layer:
      - dependency_vulnerabilities
      - code_vulnerabilities
      - secrets_detection
 
    configuration:
      - dockerfile_best_practices
      - security_benchmarks
      - privilege_escalation
 
  compliance_checks:
    - cis_docker_benchmark
    - nist_cybersecurity_framework
    - pci_dss_container_requirements
    - sox_compliance_checks
 
  remediation_actions:
    automatic:
      - base_image_updates
      - dependency_updates
      - configuration_fixes
 
    manual_review:
      - architectural_changes
      - custom_code_fixes
      - complex_configuration_updates

interface VulnerabilityMetrics {
  timePeriod: DateRange
  discoveryMetrics: {
    totalVulnerabilities: number
    bySource: Record<VulnerabilitySource, number>
    bySeverity: Record<VulnerabilitySeverity, number>
    trendsOverTime: TrendData[]
  }
 
  remediationMetrics: {
    meanTimeToRemediate: number
    medianTimeToRemediate: number
    remediationByTimeline: {
      withinSLA: number
      breachedSLA: number
    }
    remediationBySeverity: Record<VulnerabilitySeverity, RemediationStats>
  }
 
  riskMetrics: {
    totalRiskExposure: number
    riskReduction: number
    residualRisk: number
    acceptedRisk: number
  }
 
  complianceMetrics: {
    soc2Compliance: ComplianceScore
    regulatoryCompliance: ComplianceScore
    industryBenchmarks: BenchmarkComparison
  }
}
 
class VulnerabilityReporting {
  async generateExecutiveReport(period: DateRange): Promise<ExecutiveVulnerabilityReport> {
    const metrics = await this.calculateMetrics(period)
 
    return {
      executiveSummary: {
        overallRiskPosture: this.assessOverallRisk(metrics),
        keyRiskIndicators: this.identifyKeyRisks(metrics),
        remediationProgress: this.summarizeProgress(metrics),
        complianceStatus: this.assessCompliance(metrics),
        budgetImpact: await this.calculateBudgetImpact(metrics)
      },
 
      riskAnalysis: {
        criticalVulnerabilities: await this.getCriticalVulns(period),
        emergingThreats: await this.getEmergingThreats(period),
        industryComparison: await this.benchmarkAgainstIndustry(),
        riskTrends: this.analyzeRiskTrends(metrics)
      },
 
      operationalMetrics: {
        scanCoverage: this.calculateScanCoverage(),
        remediationEfficiency: this.calculateEfficiency(metrics),
        teamPerformance: await this.assessTeamPerformance(period),
        toolEffectiveness: await this.assessToolEffectiveness()
      },
 
      recommendations: {
        immediate: await this.getImmediateActions(),
        shortTerm: await this.getShortTermActions(),
        strategic: await this.getStrategicRecommendations()
      }
    }
  }
}

interface SecurityToolIntegration {
  toolType: 'SAST' | 'DAST' | 'SCA' | 'IAST' | 'Container' | 'Infrastructure'
  toolName: string
  apiEndpoint: string
  authenticationMethod: 'api_key' | 'oauth' | 'certificate'
  scanSchedule: CronExpression
  resultFormat: 'sarif' | 'json' | 'xml' | 'csv'
  automaticImport: boolean
  falsePositiveFiltering: boolean
}
 
class VulnerabilityOrchestrator {
  private integrations: SecurityToolIntegration[]
  private workflowEngine: WorkflowEngine
 
  async orchestrateSecurityScanning(): Promise<OrchestrationResult> {
    const scanResults: ToolResult[] = []
 
    // Parallel execution of all configured scanners
    const scanPromises = this.integrations.map(integration =>
      this.executeScan(integration)
    )
 
    const results = await Promise.all(scanPromises)
    scanResults.push(...results.flat())
 
    // Normalize and deduplicate findings
    const normalizedFindings = await this.normalizeFindings(scanResults)
    const deduplicatedFindings = this.deduplicateFindings(normalizedFindings)
 
    // Enrich with business context
    const enrichedFindings = await this.enrichFindings(deduplicatedFindings)
 
    // Trigger automated workflows
    await this.triggerAutomatedWorkflows(enrichedFindings)
 
    return {
      totalScans: this.integrations.length,
      totalFindings: enrichedFindings.length,
      newFindings: enrichedFindings.filter(f => f.isNew),
      automatedRemediations: await this.getAutomatedRemediations(),
      workflowsTriggered: await this.getTriggeredWorkflows()
    }
  }
}

automated_workflows:
  low_risk_patches:
    trigger: "vulnerability_severity = low AND exploitability = low"
    actions:
      - auto_create_patch_ticket
      - schedule_maintenance_window
      - execute_patch_deployment
      - verify_remediation
      - close_ticket
 
  dependency_updates:
    trigger: "vulnerability_type = dependency AND fix_available = true"
    actions:
      - create_pull_request
      - run_automated_tests
      - request_code_review
      - merge_on_approval
      - deploy_to_staging
      - verify_no_regressions
 
  configuration_fixes:
    trigger: "vulnerability_type = misconfiguration AND automated_fix_available = true"
    actions:
      - backup_current_config
      - apply_configuration_fix
      - validate_configuration
      - rollback_on_failure
      - document_change
 
  emergency_response:
    trigger: "vulnerability_severity = critical AND exploitability = high"
    actions:
      - notify_security_team
      - create_incident_ticket
      - implement_temporary_mitigation
      - schedule_emergency_patch
      - coordinate_response_team